Mercurial > repos > other > Puppet
annotate modules/firewall/README.md @ 312:490d7ec20172
Make firewall rule numbering consistent for Dovecot
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date | Sun, 23 Feb 2020 20:29:42 +0000 |
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1 # firewall |
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2 |
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3 [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/puppetlabs/puppetlabs-firewall.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/puppetlabs/puppetlabs-firewall) |
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4 |
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5 #### Table of Contents |
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6 |
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7 1. [Overview - What is the firewall module?](#overview) |
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8 2. [Module description - What does the module do?](#module-description) |
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9 3. [Setup - The basics of getting started with firewall](#setup) |
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10 * [What firewall affects](#what-firewall-affects) |
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11 * [Setup requirements](#setup-requirements) |
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12 * [Beginning with firewall](#beginning-with-firewall) |
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13 * [Upgrading](#upgrading) |
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14 4. [Usage - Configuration and customization options](#usage) |
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15 * [Default rules - Setting up general configurations for all firewalls](#default-rules) |
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16 * [Application-specific rules - Options for configuring and managing firewalls across applications](#application-specific-rules) |
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17 * [Additional ses for the firewall module](#other-rules) |
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18 5. [Reference - An under-the-hood peek at what the module is doing](#reference) |
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19 6. [Limitations - OS compatibility, etc.](#limitations) |
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20 7. [Firewall_multi - Arrays for certain parameters](#firewall_multi) |
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21 8. [Development - Guide for contributing to the module](#development) |
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22 * [Tests - Testing your configuration](#tests) |
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23 |
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24 ## Overview |
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25 |
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26 The firewall module lets you manage firewall rules with Puppet. |
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27 |
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28 ## Module description |
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29 |
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30 PuppetLabs' firewall module introduces the `firewall` resource, which is used to manage and configure firewall rules from within the Puppet DSL. This module offers support for iptables and ip6tables. The module also introduces the `firewallchain` resource, which allows you to manage chains or firewall lists and ebtables for bridging support. At the moment, only iptables and ip6tables chains are supported. |
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31 |
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32 The firewall module acts on your running firewall, making immediate changes as the catalog executes. Defining default pre and post rules allows you to provide global defaults for your hosts before and after any custom rules. Defining `pre` and `post` rules is also necessary to help you avoid locking yourself out of your own boxes when Puppet runs. |
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33 |
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34 ## Setup |
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35 |
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36 ### What firewall affects |
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37 |
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38 * Every node running a firewall |
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39 * Firewall settings in your system |
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40 * Connection settings for managed nodes |
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41 * Unmanaged resources (get purged) |
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42 |
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43 |
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44 ### Setup requirements |
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45 |
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46 Firewall uses Ruby-based providers, so you must enable [pluginsync](http://docs.puppetlabs.com/guides/plugins_in_modules.html#enabling-pluginsync). |
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47 |
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48 ### Beginning with firewall |
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49 |
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50 In the following two sections, you create new classes and then create firewall rules related to those classes. These steps are optional but provide a framework for firewall rules, which is helpful if you’re just starting to create them. |
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51 |
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52 If you already have rules in place, then you don’t need to do these two sections. However, be aware of the ordering of your firewall rules. The module will dynamically apply rules in the order they appear in the catalog, meaning a deny rule could be applied before the allow rules. This might mean the module hasn’t established some of the important connections, such as the connection to the Puppet master. |
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53 |
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54 The following steps are designed to ensure that you keep your SSH and other connections, primarily your connection to your Puppet master. If you create the `pre` and `post` classes described in the first section, then you also need to create the rules described in the second section. |
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55 |
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56 #### Create the `my_fw::pre` and `my_fw::post` Classes |
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57 |
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58 This approach employs a whitelist setup, so you can define what rules you want and everything else is ignored rather than removed. |
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59 |
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60 The code in this section does the following: |
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61 |
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62 * The 'require' parameter in `firewall {}` ensures `my_fw::pre` is run before any other rules. |
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63 * In the `my_fw::post` class declaration, the 'before' parameter ensures `my_fw::post` is run after any other rules. |
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64 |
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65 The rules in the `pre` and `post` classes are fairly general. These two classes ensure that you retain connectivity and that you drop unmatched packets appropriately. The rules you define in your manifests are likely to be specific to the applications you run. |
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66 |
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67 1. Add the `pre` class to `my_fw/manifests/pre.pp`, and any default rules to your pre.pp file first — in the order you want them to run. |
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68 |
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69 ~~~ puppet |
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70 class my_fw::pre { |
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71 Firewall { |
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72 require => undef, |
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73 } |
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74 |
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75 # Default firewall rules |
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76 firewall { '000 accept all icmp': |
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77 proto => 'icmp', |
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78 action => 'accept', |
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79 }-> |
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80 firewall { '001 accept all to lo interface': |
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81 proto => 'all', |
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82 iniface => 'lo', |
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83 action => 'accept', |
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84 }-> |
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85 firewall { '002 reject local traffic not on loopback interface': |
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86 iniface => '! lo', |
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87 proto => 'all', |
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88 destination => '127.0.0.1/8', |
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89 action => 'reject', |
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90 }-> |
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91 firewall { '003 accept related established rules': |
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92 proto => 'all', |
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93 state => ['RELATED', 'ESTABLISHED'], |
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94 action => 'accept', |
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95 } |
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96 } |
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97 ~~~ |
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98 |
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99 The rules in `pre` allow basic networking (such as ICMP and TCP) and ensure that existing connections are not closed. |
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100 |
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101 2. Add the `post` class to `my_fw/manifests/post.pp` and include any default rules — apply these last. |
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102 |
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103 ~~~ puppet |
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104 class my_fw::post { |
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105 firewall { '999 drop all': |
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106 proto => 'all', |
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107 action => 'drop', |
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108 before => undef, |
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109 } |
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110 } |
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111 ~~~ |
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112 |
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113 Alternatively, the [firewallchain](#type-firewallchain) type can be used to set the default policy: |
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114 |
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115 ~~~ puppet |
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116 firewallchain { 'INPUT:filter:IPv4': |
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117 ensure => present, |
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118 policy => drop, |
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119 before => undef, |
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120 } |
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121 ~~~ |
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122 |
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123 #### Create firewall rules |
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124 |
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125 The rules you create here are helpful if you don’t have any existing rules; they help you order your firewall configurations so you don’t lock yourself out of your box. |
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126 |
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127 Rules are persisted automatically between reboots, although there are known issues with ip6tables on older Debian/Ubuntu distributions. There are also known issues with ebtables. |
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128 |
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129 1. In site.pp or another top-scope file, add the following code to set up a metatype to purge unmanaged firewall resources. This will clear any existing rules and make sure that only rules defined in Puppet exist on the machine. |
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130 |
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131 ~~~ puppet |
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132 resources { 'firewall': |
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133 purge => true, |
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134 } |
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135 ~~~ |
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136 |
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137 To purge unmanaged firewall chains, add: |
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138 |
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139 ~~~ puppet |
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140 resources { 'firewallchain': |
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141 purge => true, |
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142 } |
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143 ~~~ |
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144 |
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145 Internal chains can not be deleted. In order to avoid all the confusing Warning/Notice messages when using purge => true, like these ones: |
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146 |
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147 Notice: Compiled catalog for blonde-height.delivery.puppetlabs.net in environment production in 0.05 seconds |
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148 Warning: Firewallchain[INPUT:mangle:IPv4](provider=iptables_chain): Attempting to destroy internal chain INPUT:mangle:IPv4 |
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149 Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Firewallchain[INPUT:mangle:IPv4]/ensure: removed |
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150 Warning: Firewallchain[FORWARD:mangle:IPv4](provider=iptables_chain): Attempting to destroy internal chain FORWARD:mangle:IPv4 |
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151 Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Firewallchain[FORWARD:mangle:IPv4]/ensure: removed |
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152 Warning: Firewallchain[OUTPUT:mangle:IPv4](provider=iptables_chain): Attempting to destroy internal chain OUTPUT:mangle:IPv4 |
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153 Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Firewallchain[OUTPUT:mangle:IPv4]/ensure: removed |
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154 Warning: Firewallchain[POSTROUTING:mangle:IPv4](provider=iptables_chain): Attempting to destroy internal chain POSTROUTING:mangle:IPv4 |
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155 Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Firewallchain[POSTROUTING:mangle:IPv4]/ensure: removed |
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156 |
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157 Please create firewallchains for every internal chain. Here is an example: |
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158 |
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159 ~~~ puppet |
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160 firewallchain { 'POSTROUTING:mangle:IPv6': |
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161 ensure => present, |
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162 } |
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163 resources { 'firewallchain': |
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164 purge => true, |
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165 } |
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166 ~~~ |
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167 |
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168 **Note** - If there are unmanaged rules in unmanaged chains, it will take two Puppet runs for the firewall chain to be purged. This is different than the `purge` parameter available in `firewallchain`. |
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169 |
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170 2. Use the following code to set up the default parameters for all of the firewall rules that you will establish later. These defaults will ensure that the `pre` and `post` classes are run in the correct order and avoid locking you out of your box during the first Puppet run. |
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171 |
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172 ~~~ puppet |
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173 Firewall { |
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174 before => Class['my_fw::post'], |
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175 require => Class['my_fw::pre'], |
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176 } |
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177 ~~~ |
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178 |
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179 3. Declare the `my_fw::pre` and `my_fw::post` classes to satisfy dependencies. You can declare these classes using an external node classifier or the following code: |
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180 |
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181 ~~~ puppet |
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182 class { ['my_fw::pre', 'my_fw::post']: } |
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183 ~~~ |
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184 |
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185 4. Include the `firewall` class to ensure the correct packages are installed: |
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186 |
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187 ~~~ puppet |
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188 class { 'firewall': } |
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189 ~~~ |
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190 |
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191 ### Upgrading |
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192 |
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193 Use these steps if you already have a version of the firewall module installed. |
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194 |
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195 #### From version 0.2.0 and more recent |
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196 |
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197 Upgrade the module with the puppet module tool as normal: |
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198 |
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199 puppet module upgrade puppetlabs/firewall |
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200 |
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201 ## Usage |
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202 |
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203 There are two kinds of firewall rules you can use with firewall: default rules and application-specific rules. Default rules apply to general firewall settings, whereas application-specific rules manage firewall settings for a specific application, node, etc. |
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204 |
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205 All rules employ a numbering system in the resource's title that is used for ordering. When titling your rules, make sure you prefix the rule with a number, for example, '000 accept all icmp requests'. _000_ runs first, _999_ runs last. |
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206 |
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207 **Note:** The ordering range 9000-9999 is reserved for unmanaged rules. Do not specify any firewall rules in this range. |
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208 |
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209 ### Default rules |
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210 |
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211 You can place default rules in either `my_fw::pre` or `my_fw::post`, depending on when you would like them to run. Rules placed in the `pre` class will run first, and rules in the `post` class, last. |
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212 |
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213 In iptables, the title of the rule is stored using the comment feature of the underlying firewall subsystem. Values must match '/^\d+[[:graph:][:space:]]+$/'. |
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214 |
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215 #### Examples of default rules |
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216 |
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217 Basic accept ICMP request example: |
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218 |
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219 ~~~ puppet |
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220 firewall { '000 accept all icmp requests': |
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221 proto => 'icmp', |
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222 action => 'accept', |
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223 } |
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224 ~~~ |
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225 |
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226 Drop all: |
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227 |
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228 ~~~ puppet |
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229 firewall { '999 drop all other requests': |
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230 action => 'drop', |
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231 } |
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232 ~~~ |
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233 |
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234 #### Example of an IPv6 rule |
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235 |
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236 IPv6 rules can be specified using the _ip6tables_ provider: |
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237 |
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238 ~~~ puppet |
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239 firewall { '006 Allow inbound SSH (v6)': |
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240 dport => 22, |
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241 proto => tcp, |
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242 action => accept, |
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243 provider => 'ip6tables', |
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244 } |
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245 ~~~ |
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246 |
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247 ### Application-specific rules |
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248 |
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249 Puppet doesn't care where you define rules, and this means that you can place |
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250 your firewall resources as close to the applications and services that you |
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251 manage as you wish. If you use the [roles and profiles |
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252 pattern](https://puppetlabs.com/learn/roles-profiles-introduction) then it |
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253 makes sense to create your firewall rules in the profiles, so they |
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254 remain close to the services managed by the profile. |
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255 |
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256 This is an example of firewall rules in a profile: |
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257 |
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258 ~~~ puppet |
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259 class profile::apache { |
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260 include apache |
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261 apache::vhost { 'mysite': ensure => present } |
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262 |
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263 firewall { '100 allow http and https access': |
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264 dport => [80, 443], |
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265 proto => tcp, |
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266 action => accept, |
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267 } |
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268 } |
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269 ~~~ |
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270 |
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271 ### Rule inversion |
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272 |
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273 Firewall rules may be inverted by prefixing the value of a parameter by "! ". If the value is an array, then every item in the array must be prefixed as iptables does not understand inverting a single value. |
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274 |
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275 Parameters that understand inversion are: connmark, ctstate, destination, dport, dst\_range, dst\_type, iniface, outiface, port, proto, source, sport, src\_range, src\_type, and state. |
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276 |
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277 Examples: |
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278 |
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279 ~~~ puppet |
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280 firewall { '001 disallow esp protocol': |
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281 action => 'accept', |
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282 proto => '! esp', |
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283 } |
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284 firewall { '002 drop NEW external website packets with FIN/RST/ACK set and SYN unset': |
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285 chain => 'INPUT', |
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286 state => 'NEW', |
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287 action => 'drop', |
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288 proto => 'tcp', |
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289 sport => ['! http', '! 443'], |
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290 source => '! 10.0.0.0/8', |
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291 tcp_flags => '! FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN', |
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292 } |
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293 ~~~ |
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294 |
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295 ### Additional uses for the firewall module |
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296 |
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297 You can apply firewall rules to specific nodes. Usually, you should put the firewall rule in another class and apply that class to a node. Apply a rule to a node as follows: |
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298 |
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299 ~~~ puppet |
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300 node 'some.node.com' { |
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301 firewall { '111 open port 111': |
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302 dport => 111, |
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303 } |
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304 } |
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305 ~~~ |
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306 |
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307 You can also do more complex things with the `firewall` resource. This example sets up static NAT for the source network 10.1.2.0/24: |
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308 |
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309 ~~~ puppet |
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310 firewall { '100 snat for network foo2': |
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311 chain => 'POSTROUTING', |
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312 jump => 'MASQUERADE', |
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313 proto => 'all', |
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314 outiface => 'eth0', |
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315 source => '10.1.2.0/24', |
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316 table => 'nat', |
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317 } |
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318 ~~~ |
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319 |
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320 |
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321 You can also change the TCP MSS value for VPN client traffic: |
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322 |
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323 ~~~ puppet |
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324 firewall { '110 TCPMSS for VPN clients': |
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325 chain => 'FORWARD', |
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326 table => 'mangle', |
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327 source => '10.0.2.0/24', |
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328 proto => tcp, |
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329 tcp_flags => 'SYN,RST SYN', |
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330 mss => '1361:1541', |
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331 set_mss => '1360', |
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332 jump => 'TCPMSS', |
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333 } |
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334 ~~~ |
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335 |
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336 The following will mirror all traffic sent to the server to a secondary host on the LAN with the TEE target: |
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337 |
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338 ~~~ puppet |
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339 firewall { '503 Mirror traffic to IDS': |
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340 proto => all, |
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341 jump => 'TEE', |
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342 gateway => '10.0.0.2', |
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343 chain => 'PREROUTING', |
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344 table => 'mangle', |
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345 } |
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346 ~~~ |
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347 |
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348 The following example creates a new chain and forwards any port 5000 access to it. |
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349 |
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350 ~~~ puppet |
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351 firewall { '100 forward to MY_CHAIN': |
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352 chain => 'INPUT', |
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353 jump => 'MY_CHAIN', |
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354 } |
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355 # The namevar here is in the format chain_name:table:protocol |
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356 firewallchain { 'MY_CHAIN:filter:IPv4': |
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357 ensure => present, |
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358 } |
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359 firewall { '100 my rule': |
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360 chain => 'MY_CHAIN', |
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361 action => 'accept', |
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362 proto => 'tcp', |
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363 dport => 5000, |
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364 } |
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365 ~~~ |
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366 |
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367 Setup NFLOG for a rule. |
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368 |
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369 ~~~ puppet |
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370 firewall {'666 for NFLOG': |
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371 proto => 'all', |
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372 jump => 'NFLOG', |
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373 nflog_group => 3, |
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374 nflog_prefix => "nflog-test", |
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375 nflog_range = 256, |
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376 nflog_threshold => 1, |
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377 } |
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378 ~~~ |
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379 |
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380 ### Additional information |
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381 |
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382 Access the inline documentation: |
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383 |
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384 puppet describe firewall |
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385 |
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386 Or |
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387 |
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388 puppet doc -r type |
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389 (and search for firewall) |
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390 |
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391 ## Reference |
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392 |
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393 For information on the classes and types, see the [REFERENCE.md](https://github.com/puppetlabs/puppetlabs-firewall/blob/master/REFERENCE.md). For information on the facts, see below. |
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394 |
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395 Facts: |
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396 |
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397 * [ip6tables_version](#fact-ip6tablesversion) |
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398 * [iptables_version](#fact-iptablesversion) |
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399 * [iptables_persistent_version](#fact-iptablespersistentversion) |
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400 |
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401 ### Fact: ip6tables_version |
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402 |
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403 A Facter fact that can be used to determine what the default version of ip6tables is for your operating system/distribution. |
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404 |
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405 ### Fact: iptables_version |
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406 |
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407 A Facter fact that can be used to determine what the default version of iptables is for your operating system/distribution. |
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408 |
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409 ### Fact: iptables_persistent_version |
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410 |
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411 Retrieves the version of iptables-persistent from your OS. This is a Debian/Ubuntu specific fact. |
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412 |
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413 ## Limitations |
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414 |
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415 For an extensive list of supported operating systems, see [metadata.json](https://github.com/puppetlabs/puppetlabs-firewall/blob/master/metadata.json) |
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416 |
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417 ### SLES |
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418 |
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419 The `socket` parameter is not supported on SLES. In this release it will cause |
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420 the catalog to fail with iptables failures, rather than correctly warn you that |
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421 the features are unusable. |
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422 |
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423 ### Oracle Enterprise Linux |
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424 |
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425 The `socket` and `owner` parameters are unsupported on Oracle Enterprise Linux |
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426 when the "Unbreakable" kernel is used. These may function correctly when using |
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427 the stock RedHat kernel instead. Declaring either of these parameters on an |
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428 unsupported system will result in iptable rules failing to apply. |
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429 |
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430 ## Passing firewall parameter values as arrays with `firewall_multi` module |
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431 |
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432 You might sometimes need to pass arrays, such as arrays of source or destination addresses, to some parameters in contexts where iptables itself does not allow arrays. |
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433 |
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434 A community module, [alexharvey-firewall_multi](https://forge.puppet.com/alexharvey/firewall_multi), provides a defined type wrapper to spawn firewall resources for arrays of certain inputs. |
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435 |
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436 For example: |
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437 |
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438 ~~~ puppet |
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439 firewall_multi { '100 allow http and https access': |
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440 source => [ |
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441 '10.0.10.0/24', |
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442 '10.0.12.0/24', |
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443 '10.1.1.128', |
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444 ], |
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445 dport => [80, 443], |
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446 proto => tcp, |
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447 action => accept, |
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448 } |
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449 ~~~ |
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450 |
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451 For more information see the documentation at [alexharvey-firewall_multi](https://forge.puppet.com/alexharvey/firewall_multi). |
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452 |
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453 ### Known issues |
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454 |
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455 #### MCollective causes PE to reverse firewall rule order |
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456 |
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457 Firewall rules appear in reverse order if you use MCollective to run Puppet in Puppet Enterprise 2016.1, 2015.3, 2015.2, or 3.8.x. |
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458 |
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459 If you use MCollective to kick off Puppet runs (`mco puppet runonce -I agent.example.com`) while also using the [`puppetlabs/firewall`](https://forge.puppet.com/puppetlabs/firewall) module, your firewall rules might be listed in reverse order. |
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460 |
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461 In many firewall configurations, the last rule drops all packets. If the rule order is reversed, this rule is listed first and network connectivity fails. |
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462 |
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463 To prevent this issue, do not use MCollective to kick off Puppet runs. Use any of the following instead: |
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464 |
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465 * Run `puppet agent -t` on the command line. |
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466 * Use a cron job. |
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467 * Click [Run Puppet](https://docs.puppet.com/pe/2016.1/console_classes_groups_running_puppet.html#run-puppet-on-an-individual-node) in the console. |
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468 |
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469 #### Reporting Issues |
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470 |
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471 Report found bugs in JIRA: |
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472 |
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473 <http://tickets.puppetlabs.com> |
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474 |
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475 ## Development |
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476 |
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477 Acceptance tests for this module leverage [puppet_litmus](https://github.com/puppetlabs/puppet_litmus). |
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478 To run the acceptance tests follow the instructions [here](https://github.com/puppetlabs/puppet_litmus/wiki/Tutorial:-use-Litmus-to-execute-acceptance-tests-with-a-sample-module-(MoTD)#install-the-necessary-gems-for-the-module). |
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479 You can also find a tutorial and walkthrough of using Litmus and the PDK on [YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYfR7ZEGHoE). |
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480 |
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481 If you run into an issue with this module, or if you would like to request a feature, please [file a ticket](https://tickets.puppetlabs.com/browse/MODULES/). |
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482 Every Monday the Puppet IA Content Team has [office hours](https://puppet.com/community/office-hours) in the [Puppet Community Slack](http://slack.puppet.com/), alternating between an EMEA friendly time (1300 UTC) and an Americas friendly time (0900 Pacific, 1700 UTC). |
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483 |
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484 If you have problems getting this module up and running, please [contact Support](http://puppetlabs.com/services/customer-support). |
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485 |
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486 If you submit a change to this module, be sure to regenerate the reference documentation as follows: |
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487 |
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488 ```bash |
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489 puppet strings generate --format markdown --out REFERENCE.md |
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490 ``` |
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491 |
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492 ### Testing |
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493 |
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494 Make sure you have: |
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495 |
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496 * rake |
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497 * bundler |
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498 |
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499 Install the necessary gems: |
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500 |
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501 ~~~ text |
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502 bundle install |
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503 ~~~ |
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504 |
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505 And run the tests from the root of the source code: |
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506 |
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507 ~~~ text |
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508 bundle exec rake parallel_spec |
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509 ~~~ |